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Irony

Irony (i'-ron-ee) is the use of words to convey the opposite of their literal meaning. “Prodigious birth of love it is to me / That I must love a loathèd enemy.” Romeo and Juliet, 1.5.152

Irony is an example of:
Comparison, Substitution

Unhappy Fortune! The Plague in the Plays

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Shakespeare killed scores of his characters — by sword, by dagger, by poison, by flame, by drowning, by hanging, by murder, by suicide, by accident — men, women, children, all ages, killed by many means, even by a bear. But the deaths of only two of his central characters can be attributed to the plague, and even then, only by proximate cause, not directly by the plague.
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Sonnets in Romeo and Juliet

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Shakespeare, who had begun writing his sonnets sometime in the 1590’s, decided that the form would be useful in Romeo and Juliet. In fact, he wrote four sonnets in the play. The first, spoken by a chorus, opens Act 1. The second appears in Act 1, Scene 5, and it is dialogue spoken by Romeo and Juliet.
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Tempter or Tempted?

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In Measure for Measure (2.2.197), Angelo confronts, possibly for the first time in his life, the temptation of lust. And since this is new to him and because he is highly moralistic, he is troubled and confused. He reacts by asking himself a series of questions for which he has no answers.

What’s this? What’s this? Is this her fault,
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Why, how now, Claudio? Whence comes this restraint?

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Lucio
Why, how now, Claudio? Whence comes this restraint?
Claudio
From too much liberty, my Lucio, liberty.Diacope
As surfeit is the father of much fast,Simile & Alliteration
So every scope by the immoderate use
Turns to restraint.Irony
Our natures do pursue,
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If I profane with my unworthiest hand

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Romeo
If I profane with my unworthiest hand
This holy shrineMetaphor, the gentle sinOxymoron is this,
My lips, two blushing pilgrimsMetaphor, ready stand
To smooth that rough touch with a tender kiss.

My lips, two blushing pilgrimsMetaphor,
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What’s he that follows here, that would not dance?

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Juliet
What’s he that follows here, that would not dance?
Nurse
I know not.
Juliet
Go ask his name. The Nurse goes. If he be marrièd,
My grave is like to be my wedding bed.

My only love sprung from my only hate!
Too early seen unknown, and known too late!
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Source:
Act 1
Scene 5
Line 146

Source Type:

Spoken by:
,

Themes:

Figures of Speech:
, ,

‘Tis time to part

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Trebonius
’Tis time to part.
Cassius
But it is doubtful yet
Whether Caesar will come forth today or no,
For he is superstitious grown of late,
Quite from the main opinion he held once
Of fantasy, of dreams, and ceremonies.

But when I tell him he hates flatterers
He says he does,
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Source:
Act 2
Scene 1
Line 209

Source Type:

Spoken by:
, , , ,

Themes:
,

Figures of Speech:
,

Connected Notes:
The Snare of Vanity

At what hour tomorrow Shall I attend your Lordship?

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Isabella
At what hour tomorrow
Shall I attend your Lordship?
Angelo
At any time ‘fore noon.
Isabella

Save your honor.
 She exits, with Lucio and Provost.

O cunning enemy that, to catch a saint,
With saints dost bait thy hook.

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Repent you, fair one, of the sin you carry?

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Duke, as Friar, to Juliet
Repent you, fair one, of the sin you carry?
Juliet
I do; and bear the shame most patiently.

I do repent me as it is an evil,
And take the shame with joy.

Duke, as Friar
I’ll teach you how you shall arraign your conscience,
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Sir, his wife some two months since fled

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First Lord
Sir, his wife some two months since fled
from his house. Her pretense is a pilgrimage to
Saint Jaques le Grand, which holy undertaking
with most austere sanctimony she accomplished.
And, there residing, the tenderness of her nature
became as a prey to her grief; in fine, made a groan
of her last breath,
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Source:
Act 4
Scene 3
Line 49

Source Type:

Spoken by:
,

Figures of Speech:
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